近似完全匹配层边界条件吸收效果分析及衰减函数的改进

完全匹配层边界条件存在两个问题，一是如何减少实际应用带来的额外存储量以及提升计算速度，另一个是如何提升匹配层的吸收效果。对于第一个问题发展了多种非分裂形式，本文采用一种直接对波场进行变换的新型非分裂方法，相比卷积完全匹配层具有不改变方程的形式以及易于实现等优势。对于如何进一步提升完全匹配层吸收效果，没有太大的进展。这是因为离散差异使匹配层的吸收问题更为复杂，一般采取增加匹配层层数的措施缩小离散差，但是又会导致计算量和存储量的增加。本文以在不增加匹配层层数以及不减小理论误差的情况下减小离散差异所带来的虚假反射为目的，分析传统的衰减因子，研究匹配层的吸收机理，设计新的衰减因子，以提高完全匹配层的吸收性能。新衰减因子能够进一步削弱虚假反射振幅，在匹配层层数为5~20层时，对应的边界反射振幅只有改进前的40%~80%。     

Numerical modeling of effect of slot on bubble motion in aluminum electrolytic process

A transient three-dimensional (3D) model was established to understand the bubble motion in an industrial electrolytic process. An anode with a new design was tested. It incorporates two slots that allow an efficient removal of gas bubbles. The electromagnetic fields were described by solving Maxwell's equations. The bubble movement was studied with two-way coupling Euler–Lagrange approach. The interplay of current density and bubble nucleation rate was included. The collision and coalescence of bubbles were considered. Random walk module was invoked for involving the chaotic effect of the turbulence. The numerical results were validated by experimental measurements. The results indicate that the current distribution and the bubble nucleation periodically change. Due to the slot, the bubble elimination heavily increases. The contribution of the slot to the bubble removal exceeds 50% in the case of three currents, and the promotion of the slot decays with increasing the current.     

Influence of the porous transport layer properties on the mass and charge transfer in a segmented PEM electrolyzer

A titanium Porous Transport Layer (PTL) is usually used at the anode side of PEM water electrolyzers to ensure both the gas/water transport and the electric charges transfer. In this paper, four different sintered Ti powder PTLs were characterized to determine some properties, such as the pore size distribution, the porosity, and the permeability. Their influence on the electrolysis performance was investigated by using a 30 cm² segmented cell which allowed measuring the current density distribution, while controlling temperature and pressure conditions. For a better understanding, in-situ techniques such as the Polarization Curves and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used. A local characterization of mass transport limitations caused by oxygen saturation was carried out, paying special attention to the pressure influence when using a PTL with very small pores. The results showed that current density heterogeneities can be explained by microstructure changes along the PTL. The optimal geometric characteristics of the PTL depend not only on the operating conditions such as current density, pressure, and temperature but also on the catalyst layer properties. A new model for the constriction resistance between the catalyst layer and the PTL was proposed.     

基于涡动相关法的沉积物-水界面氧通量与水动力条件响应关系

沉积物-水界面是物质参与环境地球化学循环和生物耦合的"热区",水动力条件是沉积物-水界面物质交换的关键影响因素。溶解氧作为常用的水质评价指标,对调节生物化学进程有重要作用,因此本文采用涡动相关法这种非侵入式通量测量技术开展室内试验研究,探究沉积物-水界面氧通量与水动力条件的响应关系。结果表明:随着水体紊动增加(采用Batchelor尺度表征),扩散边界层厚度减小,氧通量增大。分析室内试验和相关研究中水动力条件、扩散边界层厚度及氧通量的关系,发现扩散边界层厚度与Batchelor尺度呈正相关关系,拟合结果表明可以用Batchelor尺度近似表示扩散边界层厚度;氧通量与扩散边界层厚度呈负相关关系,且当扩散边界层厚度小于0.5 mm时,扩散边界层厚度变化对氧通量影响更强烈,当厚度大于0.5 mm后,氧通量基本保持稳定。     

An efficient method of generating vortex electromagnetic wave based on double‐layer transmissive metasurface

A broadband double‐layer transmissive metasurface (TMS) for effective generate vortex electromagnetic wave is presented in this paper. The proposed TMS consists of two types of elements. The first element is composed of a multi‐resonant dipole and four metal vias. The metal vias increase the coupling strength between the upper and lower layers to improve transmission efficiency. On the basis of the first element, the second element adds stubs to ensure sufficient phase shift. The far‐field cross polarisation is eliminated by special element arrangement. Then, a centre‐fed linear polarisation TMS is designed to generate orbital angular momentum beams with mode l = ? 1. The proposed TMS is designed, manufactured and measured to verify the proposed design. The measured results indicate that a maximum gain of 20.8 dBi and narrow divergence angle of ±5° are achieved at 18 GHz. Furthermore, mode purity is higher than 86.1% within the 17 to 19 GHz band. The proposed double‐layer TMS saved costs, reduced weight and without assembly error is a good candidate for OAM generator.     

打印层厚度对FDM薄板固有特性的影响

针对不同打印层厚度对熔融沉积成型(fused deposition modeling,简称FDM)薄板固有特性的影响规律及相应的机理进行了研究。首先,以悬臂边界条件下的FDM薄板为研究对象,创建了固有特性理论模型;其次,完成了薄板样件的制备,同时搭建了样件的动力学测试系统,实验研究了样件的固有特性参数;最后,对比分析理论与实验结果,以验证理论模型的正确性。研究结果表明,所建模型可以准确预测FDM薄板结构的固有特征参数;打印层越厚,样件的固有频率越高,但其模态振型不会随着打印层厚度的变化而变化。该研究为提高FDM产品动力学性能提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation

Membrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high-efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES-CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48476.     

Determination of Metastable Zone Width and Nucleation Induction Period of Palm Oil and its Olein/Stearin in Melting Layer Crystallization

Measurement methods of metastable zone width (MZW) and nucleation induction time for melting layer crystallization of palm oil (PO) and its olein/stearin (POL/PST) were established, and the effects of cooling rate (corresponding to various supercoolings) on MZWs and induction time for melting layer crystallization of PO, POL, and PST were determined. The results indicated that the MZW coherently rose with increasing cooling rates with respect to PO and POL, while it declined with higher cooling rates for PST. The induction period results demonstrated that the nucleation induction periods of PO, PST, and POL decreased with increasing supercoolings, and the lag time for nucleation negatively correlated to the melting point of oils at the same supercooling. These data could offer significant instruction in designing and controlling the melting layer crystallization process for palm oil.     

Thermal annealing characteristics of solar selective absorber coatings based on nano-multilayered MoOx films

Designing double metal-dielectric (cermet) solar selective absorber coatings (SSACs) often requires complex co-sputtering techniques with multiple targets. This inevitably limits the simple and low-cost industrial fabrication. Here, we develop novel nano-multilayered MoO_x-based SSACs by simple and stable one-step reactive magnetron sputtering process using single molybdenum target. The proposed multilayer SSACs exhibit good solar absorptance of 0.93 and low thermal emittance of 0.06. Owing to the temperature-induced oxygen diffusion and oxidation phenomenon the as-sputtered SSACs have a poor thermal tolerance under air atmosphere, and after annealing at 200 °C for 150 h, the resulting absorptance is diminished from 0.93 to 0.90. However, the optical performance of the annealed SSAC is relatively stable in high-vacuum environment, even after annealing at 450 °C for 200 h, it still displays an ideal spectral selectivity of 0.92/0.07. With above properties, the resulting MoO_x-based SSAC is a promising absorber for enduring thermal harvesting in solar vacuum collectors.     

Ni对铁基合金粉块氩弧堆焊层组织和性能的影响

通过氩弧焊在基体材料Q235钢板上熔敷铁合金混合粉末压块,研究了压块成分及堆焊工艺对堆焊层组织及性能的影响。结果表明:在固定压块粉末总质量为16 g、镍铁含量为0.64 g、堆焊电流为180 A时,堆焊层的硬度最大,达到HRC48.9;耐磨性最高,相对磨损量为0.013 4 g/(cm^2·min)。